Solve The Universe

Pressure-Based Theory — a mechanical, unified account of gravity, electromagnetism, spin, and entanglement

Published Paper

August 2025

Pressure Based Theory: Testable Hypotheses and Distinctions from General Relativity and Quantum Field Theory — the formally published, citable synthesis of PBT, registered on two independent platforms, tracked under Matthew’s ORCID iD.

This is the one piece of PBT with permanent external identifiers, independently citable and separate from anything hosted on this site.

Abstract

Pressure Based Theory (PBT) proposes a mechanical unification of fundamental forces through particle fluxes in an infinite pressure vessel, extending historical push gravity models like Le Sage’s theory. This paper formalizes PBT’s key testable hypotheses: negligible gravitational drag ($< 10^{-19}$ m/s²) and avoidance of singularities in black hole collapse. These predictions differ from general relativity (GR), which allows singularities, and quantum field theory (QFT), which incorporates probabilistic interactions without mechanical pushes. We detail experimental setups for falsification, including precision interferometry for drag and horizon imaging for singularities, positioning PBT as a falsifiable alternative to standard models.

Two Core Testable Hypotheses

Negligible Drag Hypothesis. Gravitational or aether drag $< 10^{-19}$ m/s², below current detection thresholds but testable at higher precision. This contrasts GR’s zero drag (pure geometry) and QFT’s vacuum fluctuations without bulk drag. Exceeding this (e.g., $10^{-18}$ m/s²) would falsify PBT. Test method: atomic clocks or interferometers (e.g., LISA Pathfinder successors) for orbital anomalies; space-based missions measuring drag in solar system orbits, compared to GR baselines.

Singularity Avoidance Hypothesis. Black hole collapse stabilizes without horizons or true singularities, forming dense cores with finite density — differing from GR’s inevitable singularities (Penrose-Hawking theorems) and QFT’s unresolved quantum singularities. Observing true horizons or information loss would falsify PBT. Test method: Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) imaging of shadows; deviations in ringdown phases from LIGO waves indicating non-singular cores; analysis of mergers for stable remnants.

Light deflection is predicted as $\theta \approx 4GM/(bc^2)$, aligning with GR in weak fields but diverging in strong regimes.

Differences from GR and QFT

Vs. GR: PBT uses pushes over curvature; predicts no singularities but similar weak-field effects (e.g., light deflection 1.75″). Differs in strong fields: stable black holes vs. GR’s collapse.

Vs. QFT: Mechanical determinism over probabilistic exchanges; no photons, virtual particles as flux distortions. Predicts EM unification without renormalization issues. PBT resolves dark matter via hierarchies, unlike GR+QFT’s need for it.

Conclusion

PBT’s hypotheses offer a pathway for unification, testable via drag measurements and singularity probes. This published version includes the full Reference Guide as an appendix, summarizing all 12 papers with key equations and links.

Assistance from Grok (xAI) in drafting and refining this work is gratefully acknowledged.

References